The former player: 'I really wanted to carry on playing'
Warning: This piece includes descriptions of discriminatory comments and conduct
Ex-England player Luther Burrell says that going public to expose racial discrimination in rugby union led his career to an premature end.
In a 2022 interview, Burrell described racism as being "widespread" in the game, displaying Whatsapp messages and recalling training ground "comments" he had been subject to while playing for Newcastle.
Then 34 and without a team, Burrell's only elite playing since has been three appearances with invitational side the Barbarians.
"I have definitely had to retire because of what occurred," he explained to reporters.
"I wanted to continue playing, naturally I did. I pursued that, and it collapsed when word came out that there were investigations underway.
"This situation was difficult - I had to simply come to terms with the outcome and accept that this entire situation is a lot more important than me."
A sports organization investigation in 2023 found Burrell's claims were accurate "on the balance of probability", but stated it could not gather enough evidence to definitively say they occurred at Newcastle.
Luther Burrell played in all of England's international games in 2014-15, but was surprisingly excluded for their squad for the 2015 tournament
Burrell revealed to media he also encountered prejudice within the England team environment, during a international career that saw him win 15 appearances after his first game in 2014.
"I have had multiple distressing experiences within the national team," he said.
"Some discrimination and other just old-school mentality that's really unacceptable."
Racism had become accepted in team environments, in Burrell's view.
"This is something that has been disguised as humour and that's been the issue that I've myself suffered and witnessed," said Burrell, who is of Jamaican descent.
"During a extended period you just learn to think that it's the norm and that is fine and that it's not harmful, but that's nonsense."
Burrell explains he was finally spurred to speak out after a fellow player at Newcastle referred to him as a "slave" and instructed him to put sun cream on his wrists and ankles "where your shackles were."
The governing body said Burrell's disclosures had led to "increased scrutiny at the environment within the professional level and to the implementation of an action plan for the elite level."
"The organization has placed significant focus on inclusion and inclusion in the sport and a great deal of work completed both prior and after Luther Burrell spoke publicly and revealed his encounters of racism and class discrimination," it continued.
"We are continuing work with clubs and stakeholders in the elite level to strive for a culture of inclusivity but acknowledge this takes time and is an continuous effort."
Every Prem and women's rugby club now has in-person education on building welcoming environments, with its success tracked via individual reports and feedback.
All England players, including age-grade squads, are educated in being "active bystanders" to step in and protect others from harmful behaviour.
"You be so proud of what you have done," Burrell's mother Joyce told him as part of the documentary about his experiences.
"I know it has had this impact on you and finished your career, but in our view, you have done so well. We are so proud of you and to have you as a family member."
Burrell's father Geoff died soon after the production of the film, and his sibling passed away recently.
Burrell, who was raised on a social housing in his hometown, continues his work to make the game more open.
His charitable organization aims to reach young people in disadvantaged communities and help them thrive both on the field with complimentary sports training, mentoring and nutrition education.
"My personal intentions are genuine, I want to see the progress of the game and if others is willing to tell their story then I'll persist to advocate for that fight because I'm not just pursuing this for myself," he said.
"Everyone involved have an obligation to make the game as excellent as it can be and the longer I talk about it perhaps the more confident fellow players will feel about discussing their own stories as well.
"I take the challenge by the opportunity and continue bearing this flag and keep supporting this weight and do what I can to create opportunities and make the sport more appealing and more welcoming.
"There are a lot of underprivileged children and a lot of poverty and I sincerely believe that rugby has the potential to change their futures, just as it transformed things for me."
Burrell scored for the Barbarians on a return to previous team Northampton in November 2022